Korea's National Time Balance
Time Flows Between Generations
Lay out unpaid household work by age in 2019 and 2024, and the care consumed by children and older people reveals which age groups supply the supporting time.
Net supply by ages 65+ in 2024
8.3trillion KRW
Amounts are nominal imputed values for unpaid household work. They are not actual wages or cash transfers.
Balance by single year of age
Who consumes care, and who gives their time?
The balance is consumption minus production. A value above zero marks a net consumer; one below zero marks a net supplier. Family care can have more than one separate net-supply interval.
2024
2019
Net consumption · time deficit
Net supply · time surplus
The net-supply intervals moved
Compare the net-supply intervals for the selected household-work scope in 2019 and 2024. Depending on the scope, there may be more than one interval.
Net consumption resumes at age 83
Net consumption resumes at age 82
Net supply continues through the published open-ended ages 85+ group
Net consumption resumes at age 81
View the age balance as a table
| Age | Year | Production | Consumption | Consumption − production | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2019 | — | 3,382.9KRW 10,000 | +3,382.9KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 1 | 2019 | — | 3,159.4KRW 10,000 | +3,159.4KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 2 | 2019 | — | 2,944.5KRW 10,000 | +2,944.5KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 3 | 2019 | — | 2,732.7KRW 10,000 | +2,732.7KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 4 | 2019 | — | 2,524.7KRW 10,000 | +2,524.7KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 5 | 2019 | — | 2,310.5KRW 10,000 | +2,310.5KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 6 | 2019 | — | 2,096.5KRW 10,000 | +2,096.5KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 7 | 2019 | — | 1,883.6KRW 10,000 | +1,883.6KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 8 | 2019 | — | 1,690.8KRW 10,000 | +1,690.8KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 9 | 2019 | — | 1,532.1KRW 10,000 | +1,532.1KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 10 | 2019 | — | 1,367.6KRW 10,000 | +1,367.6KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 11 | 2019 | — | 1,214.6KRW 10,000 | +1,214.6KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 12 | 2019 | — | 1,107.2KRW 10,000 | +1,107.2KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 13 | 2019 | — | 968.4KRW 10,000 | +968.4KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 14 | 2019 | — | 831.7KRW 10,000 | +831.7KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 15 | 2019 | 176.9KRW 10,000 | 685.7KRW 10,000 | +508.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 16 | 2019 | 187.2KRW 10,000 | 549.1KRW 10,000 | +361.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 17 | 2019 | 212.0KRW 10,000 | 488.4KRW 10,000 | +276.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 18 | 2019 | 232.3KRW 10,000 | 461.7KRW 10,000 | +229.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 19 | 2019 | 221.4KRW 10,000 | 357.8KRW 10,000 | +136.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 20 | 2019 | 228.0KRW 10,000 | 348.7KRW 10,000 | +120.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 21 | 2019 | 278.4KRW 10,000 | 392.5KRW 10,000 | +114.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 22 | 2019 | 340.3KRW 10,000 | 459.4KRW 10,000 | +119.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 23 | 2019 | 395.2KRW 10,000 | 496.7KRW 10,000 | +101.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 24 | 2019 | 450.1KRW 10,000 | 517.4KRW 10,000 | +67.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 25 | 2019 | 504.1KRW 10,000 | 532.9KRW 10,000 | +28.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 26 | 2019 | 586.9KRW 10,000 | 544.7KRW 10,000 | −42.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 27 | 2019 | 678.2KRW 10,000 | 557.8KRW 10,000 | −120.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 28 | 2019 | 782.3KRW 10,000 | 566.1KRW 10,000 | −216.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 29 | 2019 | 893.7KRW 10,000 | 572.1KRW 10,000 | −321.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 30 | 2019 | 1,012.8KRW 10,000 | 586.9KRW 10,000 | −425.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 31 | 2019 | 1,128.5KRW 10,000 | 594.8KRW 10,000 | −533.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 32 | 2019 | 1,273.1KRW 10,000 | 615.1KRW 10,000 | −658.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 33 | 2019 | 1,393.5KRW 10,000 | 622.7KRW 10,000 | −770.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 34 | 2019 | 1,470.4KRW 10,000 | 630.9KRW 10,000 | −839.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 35 | 2019 | 1,571.8KRW 10,000 | 644.0KRW 10,000 | −927.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 36 | 2019 | 1,620.6KRW 10,000 | 674.9KRW 10,000 | −945.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 37 | 2019 | 1,626.4KRW 10,000 | 670.6KRW 10,000 | −955.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 38 | 2019 | 1,606.6KRW 10,000 | 692.5KRW 10,000 | −914.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 39 | 2019 | 1,571.2KRW 10,000 | 698.6KRW 10,000 | −872.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 40 | 2019 | 1,524.1KRW 10,000 | 706.4KRW 10,000 | −817.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 41 | 2019 | 1,462.3KRW 10,000 | 726.0KRW 10,000 | −736.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 42 | 2019 | 1,414.5KRW 10,000 | 739.4KRW 10,000 | −675.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 43 | 2019 | 1,378.9KRW 10,000 | 758.3KRW 10,000 | −620.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 44 | 2019 | 1,339.8KRW 10,000 | 774.6KRW 10,000 | −565.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 45 | 2019 | 1,307.2KRW 10,000 | 787.7KRW 10,000 | −519.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 46 | 2019 | 1,265.5KRW 10,000 | 818.3KRW 10,000 | −447.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 47 | 2019 | 1,209.0KRW 10,000 | 814.3KRW 10,000 | −394.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 48 | 2019 | 1,167.7KRW 10,000 | 831.2KRW 10,000 | −336.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 49 | 2019 | 1,134.9KRW 10,000 | 856.5KRW 10,000 | −278.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 50 | 2019 | 1,118.0KRW 10,000 | 883.4KRW 10,000 | −234.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 51 | 2019 | 1,095.0KRW 10,000 | 897.1KRW 10,000 | −197.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 52 | 2019 | 1,071.7KRW 10,000 | 909.0KRW 10,000 | −162.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 53 | 2019 | 1,059.3KRW 10,000 | 930.6KRW 10,000 | −128.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 54 | 2019 | 1,071.1KRW 10,000 | 949.1KRW 10,000 | −122.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 55 | 2019 | 1,065.9KRW 10,000 | 953.8KRW 10,000 | −112.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 56 | 2019 | 1,070.5KRW 10,000 | 972.6KRW 10,000 | −97.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 57 | 2019 | 1,101.5KRW 10,000 | 997.2KRW 10,000 | −104.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 58 | 2019 | 1,146.6KRW 10,000 | 1,017.4KRW 10,000 | −129.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 59 | 2019 | 1,166.0KRW 10,000 | 1,021.5KRW 10,000 | −144.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 60 | 2019 | 1,182.7KRW 10,000 | 1,030.1KRW 10,000 | −152.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 61 | 2019 | 1,197.4KRW 10,000 | 1,037.4KRW 10,000 | −160.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 62 | 2019 | 1,225.3KRW 10,000 | 1,050.1KRW 10,000 | −175.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 63 | 2019 | 1,257.4KRW 10,000 | 1,054.6KRW 10,000 | −202.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 64 | 2019 | 1,282.8KRW 10,000 | 1,074.5KRW 10,000 | −208.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 65 | 2019 | 1,290.4KRW 10,000 | 1,075.3KRW 10,000 | −215.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 66 | 2019 | 1,302.4KRW 10,000 | 1,101.6KRW 10,000 | −200.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 67 | 2019 | 1,294.6KRW 10,000 | 1,115.6KRW 10,000 | −179.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 68 | 2019 | 1,295.6KRW 10,000 | 1,116.9KRW 10,000 | −178.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 69 | 2019 | 1,289.6KRW 10,000 | 1,114.3KRW 10,000 | −175.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 70 | 2019 | 1,292.3KRW 10,000 | 1,111.0KRW 10,000 | −181.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 71 | 2019 | 1,272.4KRW 10,000 | 1,122.2KRW 10,000 | −150.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 72 | 2019 | 1,255.6KRW 10,000 | 1,111.8KRW 10,000 | −143.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 73 | 2019 | 1,233.0KRW 10,000 | 1,106.0KRW 10,000 | −127.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 74 | 2019 | 1,229.7KRW 10,000 | 1,100.7KRW 10,000 | −129.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 75 | 2019 | 1,206.0KRW 10,000 | 1,064.9KRW 10,000 | −141.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 76 | 2019 | 1,180.4KRW 10,000 | 1,039.1KRW 10,000 | −141.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 77 | 2019 | 1,151.6KRW 10,000 | 1,028.6KRW 10,000 | −123.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 78 | 2019 | 1,134.6KRW 10,000 | 1,007.2KRW 10,000 | −127.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 79 | 2019 | 1,096.6KRW 10,000 | 988.0KRW 10,000 | −108.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 80 | 2019 | 1,031.6KRW 10,000 | 967.6KRW 10,000 | −64.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 81 | 2019 | 980.2KRW 10,000 | 947.1KRW 10,000 | −33.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 82 | 2019 | 938.2KRW 10,000 | 926.6KRW 10,000 | −11.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 83 | 2019 | 880.5KRW 10,000 | 901.0KRW 10,000 | +20.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 84 | 2019 | 827.1KRW 10,000 | 868.4KRW 10,000 | +41.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 85+ | 2019 | 731.0KRW 10,000 | 797.6KRW 10,000 | +66.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 0 | 2024 | — | 3,700.2KRW 10,000 | +3,700.2KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 1 | 2024 | — | 3,486.5KRW 10,000 | +3,486.5KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 2 | 2024 | — | 3,289.6KRW 10,000 | +3,289.6KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 3 | 2024 | — | 3,077.9KRW 10,000 | +3,077.9KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 4 | 2024 | — | 2,859.9KRW 10,000 | +2,859.9KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 5 | 2024 | — | 2,650.2KRW 10,000 | +2,650.2KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 6 | 2024 | — | 2,444.6KRW 10,000 | +2,444.6KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 7 | 2024 | — | 2,238.7KRW 10,000 | +2,238.7KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 8 | 2024 | — | 2,024.9KRW 10,000 | +2,024.9KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 9 | 2024 | — | 1,889.1KRW 10,000 | +1,889.1KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 10 | 2024 | — | 1,730.3KRW 10,000 | +1,730.3KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 11 | 2024 | — | 1,577.9KRW 10,000 | +1,577.9KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 12 | 2024 | — | 1,425.6KRW 10,000 | +1,425.6KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 13 | 2024 | — | 1,244.1KRW 10,000 | +1,244.1KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 14 | 2024 | — | 1,061.8KRW 10,000 | +1,061.8KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 15 | 2024 | 216.9KRW 10,000 | 879.1KRW 10,000 | +662.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 16 | 2024 | 251.7KRW 10,000 | 742.1KRW 10,000 | +490.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 17 | 2024 | 288.5KRW 10,000 | 654.6KRW 10,000 | +366.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 18 | 2024 | 291.8KRW 10,000 | 570.7KRW 10,000 | +278.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 19 | 2024 | 260.6KRW 10,000 | 409.5KRW 10,000 | +148.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 20 | 2024 | 265.4KRW 10,000 | 410.2KRW 10,000 | +144.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 21 | 2024 | 319.9KRW 10,000 | 473.7KRW 10,000 | +153.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 22 | 2024 | 392.7KRW 10,000 | 554.0KRW 10,000 | +161.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 23 | 2024 | 457.7KRW 10,000 | 600.0KRW 10,000 | +142.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 24 | 2024 | 508.0KRW 10,000 | 627.0KRW 10,000 | +119.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 25 | 2024 | 550.8KRW 10,000 | 648.7KRW 10,000 | +97.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 26 | 2024 | 605.1KRW 10,000 | 667.2KRW 10,000 | +62.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 27 | 2024 | 667.2KRW 10,000 | 684.0KRW 10,000 | +16.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 28 | 2024 | 736.6KRW 10,000 | 698.7KRW 10,000 | −37.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 29 | 2024 | 828.5KRW 10,000 | 713.4KRW 10,000 | −115.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 30 | 2024 | 968.6KRW 10,000 | 731.8KRW 10,000 | −236.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 31 | 2024 | 1,105.6KRW 10,000 | 738.8KRW 10,000 | −366.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 32 | 2024 | 1,227.0KRW 10,000 | 753.1KRW 10,000 | −473.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 33 | 2024 | 1,372.5KRW 10,000 | 762.4KRW 10,000 | −610.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 34 | 2024 | 1,462.9KRW 10,000 | 769.1KRW 10,000 | −693.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 35 | 2024 | 1,582.6KRW 10,000 | 777.8KRW 10,000 | −804.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 36 | 2024 | 1,662.2KRW 10,000 | 793.9KRW 10,000 | −868.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 37 | 2024 | 1,753.1KRW 10,000 | 801.0KRW 10,000 | −952.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 38 | 2024 | 1,820.6KRW 10,000 | 811.5KRW 10,000 | −1,009.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 39 | 2024 | 1,868.9KRW 10,000 | 833.7KRW 10,000 | −1,035.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 40 | 2024 | 1,877.0KRW 10,000 | 852.8KRW 10,000 | −1,024.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 41 | 2024 | 1,828.2KRW 10,000 | 874.2KRW 10,000 | −953.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 42 | 2024 | 1,793.1KRW 10,000 | 892.5KRW 10,000 | −900.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 43 | 2024 | 1,732.6KRW 10,000 | 912.3KRW 10,000 | −820.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 44 | 2024 | 1,645.1KRW 10,000 | 908.2KRW 10,000 | −736.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 45 | 2024 | 1,579.6KRW 10,000 | 924.3KRW 10,000 | −655.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 46 | 2024 | 1,508.1KRW 10,000 | 944.6KRW 10,000 | −563.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 47 | 2024 | 1,437.6KRW 10,000 | 964.7KRW 10,000 | −472.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 48 | 2024 | 1,393.9KRW 10,000 | 988.6KRW 10,000 | −405.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 49 | 2024 | 1,368.9KRW 10,000 | 1,014.8KRW 10,000 | −354.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 50 | 2024 | 1,332.2KRW 10,000 | 1,033.6KRW 10,000 | −298.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 51 | 2024 | 1,306.2KRW 10,000 | 1,059.3KRW 10,000 | −246.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 52 | 2024 | 1,280.2KRW 10,000 | 1,079.9KRW 10,000 | −200.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 53 | 2024 | 1,279.2KRW 10,000 | 1,104.7KRW 10,000 | −174.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 54 | 2024 | 1,274.2KRW 10,000 | 1,125.6KRW 10,000 | −148.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 55 | 2024 | 1,293.7KRW 10,000 | 1,156.6KRW 10,000 | −137.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 56 | 2024 | 1,304.2KRW 10,000 | 1,183.0KRW 10,000 | −121.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 57 | 2024 | 1,324.4KRW 10,000 | 1,209.8KRW 10,000 | −114.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 58 | 2024 | 1,335.4KRW 10,000 | 1,226.1KRW 10,000 | −109.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 59 | 2024 | 1,348.8KRW 10,000 | 1,278.6KRW 10,000 | −70.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 60 | 2024 | 1,370.8KRW 10,000 | 1,295.6KRW 10,000 | −75.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 61 | 2024 | 1,388.8KRW 10,000 | 1,307.9KRW 10,000 | −80.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 62 | 2024 | 1,443.2KRW 10,000 | 1,323.7KRW 10,000 | −119.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 63 | 2024 | 1,494.6KRW 10,000 | 1,334.2KRW 10,000 | −160.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 64 | 2024 | 1,504.9KRW 10,000 | 1,345.3KRW 10,000 | −159.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 65 | 2024 | 1,533.2KRW 10,000 | 1,361.0KRW 10,000 | −172.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 66 | 2024 | 1,526.4KRW 10,000 | 1,368.1KRW 10,000 | −158.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 67 | 2024 | 1,533.7KRW 10,000 | 1,384.4KRW 10,000 | −149.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 68 | 2024 | 1,537.4KRW 10,000 | 1,405.0KRW 10,000 | −132.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 69 | 2024 | 1,534.9KRW 10,000 | 1,417.1KRW 10,000 | −117.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 70 | 2024 | 1,534.6KRW 10,000 | 1,418.8KRW 10,000 | −115.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 71 | 2024 | 1,527.5KRW 10,000 | 1,415.3KRW 10,000 | −112.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 72 | 2024 | 1,507.3KRW 10,000 | 1,416.0KRW 10,000 | −91.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 73 | 2024 | 1,495.7KRW 10,000 | 1,411.1KRW 10,000 | −84.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 74 | 2024 | 1,480.7KRW 10,000 | 1,399.8KRW 10,000 | −80.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 75 | 2024 | 1,465.2KRW 10,000 | 1,341.0KRW 10,000 | −124.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 76 | 2024 | 1,429.4KRW 10,000 | 1,312.9KRW 10,000 | −116.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 77 | 2024 | 1,412.3KRW 10,000 | 1,293.1KRW 10,000 | −119.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 78 | 2024 | 1,387.6KRW 10,000 | 1,259.8KRW 10,000 | −127.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 79 | 2024 | 1,363.6KRW 10,000 | 1,243.3KRW 10,000 | −120.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 80 | 2024 | 1,288.2KRW 10,000 | 1,220.0KRW 10,000 | −68.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 81 | 2024 | 1,214.6KRW 10,000 | 1,186.3KRW 10,000 | −28.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 82 | 2024 | 1,146.7KRW 10,000 | 1,156.3KRW 10,000 | +9.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 83 | 2024 | 1,079.8KRW 10,000 | 1,120.5KRW 10,000 | +40.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 84 | 2024 | 1,009.5KRW 10,000 | 1,088.6KRW 10,000 | +79.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 85+ | 2024 | 884.7KRW 10,000 | 999.2KRW 10,000 | +114.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| Age | Year | Production | Consumption | Consumption − production | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2019 | — | 2,985.9KRW 10,000 | +2,985.9KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 1 | 2019 | — | 2,760.5KRW 10,000 | +2,760.5KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 2 | 2019 | — | 2,542.7KRW 10,000 | +2,542.7KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 3 | 2019 | — | 2,327.5KRW 10,000 | +2,327.5KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 4 | 2019 | — | 2,115.2KRW 10,000 | +2,115.2KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 5 | 2019 | — | 1,897.6KRW 10,000 | +1,897.6KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 6 | 2019 | — | 1,679.9KRW 10,000 | +1,679.9KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 7 | 2019 | — | 1,464.3KRW 10,000 | +1,464.3KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 8 | 2019 | — | 1,273.7KRW 10,000 | +1,273.7KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 9 | 2019 | — | 1,111.2KRW 10,000 | +1,111.2KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 10 | 2019 | — | 949.5KRW 10,000 | +949.5KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 11 | 2019 | — | 799.0KRW 10,000 | +799.0KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 12 | 2019 | — | 684.3KRW 10,000 | +684.3KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 13 | 2019 | — | 543.8KRW 10,000 | +543.8KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 14 | 2019 | — | 404.7KRW 10,000 | +404.7KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 15 | 2019 | 8.8KRW 10,000 | 264.2KRW 10,000 | +255.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 16 | 2019 | 8.9KRW 10,000 | 158.0KRW 10,000 | +149.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 17 | 2019 | 10.6KRW 10,000 | 94.9KRW 10,000 | +84.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 18 | 2019 | 14.6KRW 10,000 | 53.3KRW 10,000 | +38.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 19 | 2019 | 17.0KRW 10,000 | 15.8KRW 10,000 | −1.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 20 | 2019 | 20.8KRW 10,000 | 13.8KRW 10,000 | −7.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 21 | 2019 | 29.8KRW 10,000 | 16.5KRW 10,000 | −13.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 22 | 2019 | 34.8KRW 10,000 | 17.2KRW 10,000 | −17.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 23 | 2019 | 44.3KRW 10,000 | 21.4KRW 10,000 | −22.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 24 | 2019 | 61.7KRW 10,000 | 23.4KRW 10,000 | −38.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 25 | 2019 | 88.6KRW 10,000 | 21.4KRW 10,000 | −67.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 26 | 2019 | 138.0KRW 10,000 | 20.4KRW 10,000 | −117.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 27 | 2019 | 194.2KRW 10,000 | 20.7KRW 10,000 | −173.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 28 | 2019 | 260.9KRW 10,000 | 19.4KRW 10,000 | −241.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 29 | 2019 | 341.9KRW 10,000 | 19.3KRW 10,000 | −322.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 30 | 2019 | 418.7KRW 10,000 | 23.5KRW 10,000 | −395.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 31 | 2019 | 499.6KRW 10,000 | 20.6KRW 10,000 | −479.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 32 | 2019 | 603.5KRW 10,000 | 32.7KRW 10,000 | −570.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 33 | 2019 | 688.0KRW 10,000 | 26.1KRW 10,000 | −661.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 34 | 2019 | 737.7KRW 10,000 | 21.9KRW 10,000 | −715.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 35 | 2019 | 799.9KRW 10,000 | 19.3KRW 10,000 | −780.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 36 | 2019 | 809.5KRW 10,000 | 37.3KRW 10,000 | −772.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 37 | 2019 | 790.8KRW 10,000 | 21.9KRW 10,000 | −768.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 38 | 2019 | 746.5KRW 10,000 | 29.8KRW 10,000 | −716.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 39 | 2019 | 696.8KRW 10,000 | 23.8KRW 10,000 | −673.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 40 | 2019 | 634.3KRW 10,000 | 20.8KRW 10,000 | −613.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 41 | 2019 | 561.0KRW 10,000 | 22.9KRW 10,000 | −538.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 42 | 2019 | 497.3KRW 10,000 | 21.2KRW 10,000 | −476.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 43 | 2019 | 449.5KRW 10,000 | 23.1KRW 10,000 | −426.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 44 | 2019 | 396.2KRW 10,000 | 24.1KRW 10,000 | −372.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 45 | 2019 | 346.3KRW 10,000 | 23.0KRW 10,000 | −323.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 46 | 2019 | 305.0KRW 10,000 | 41.9KRW 10,000 | −263.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 47 | 2019 | 252.1KRW 10,000 | 29.6KRW 10,000 | −222.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 48 | 2019 | 208.1KRW 10,000 | 20.8KRW 10,000 | −187.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 49 | 2019 | 171.1KRW 10,000 | 30.9KRW 10,000 | −140.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 50 | 2019 | 135.5KRW 10,000 | 39.8KRW 10,000 | −95.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 51 | 2019 | 116.4KRW 10,000 | 39.4KRW 10,000 | −76.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 52 | 2019 | 105.3KRW 10,000 | 29.9KRW 10,000 | −75.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 53 | 2019 | 96.0KRW 10,000 | 36.5KRW 10,000 | −59.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 54 | 2019 | 99.2KRW 10,000 | 37.3KRW 10,000 | −61.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 55 | 2019 | 95.3KRW 10,000 | 29.5KRW 10,000 | −65.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 56 | 2019 | 102.6KRW 10,000 | 35.6KRW 10,000 | −67.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 57 | 2019 | 112.6KRW 10,000 | 34.7KRW 10,000 | −77.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 58 | 2019 | 121.9KRW 10,000 | 34.9KRW 10,000 | −87.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 59 | 2019 | 127.0KRW 10,000 | 30.6KRW 10,000 | −96.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 60 | 2019 | 132.6KRW 10,000 | 30.5KRW 10,000 | −102.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 61 | 2019 | 143.6KRW 10,000 | 29.3KRW 10,000 | −114.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 62 | 2019 | 146.4KRW 10,000 | 31.6KRW 10,000 | −114.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 63 | 2019 | 155.5KRW 10,000 | 24.4KRW 10,000 | −131.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 64 | 2019 | 158.5KRW 10,000 | 32.0KRW 10,000 | −126.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 65 | 2019 | 155.9KRW 10,000 | 25.5KRW 10,000 | −130.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 66 | 2019 | 152.7KRW 10,000 | 39.9KRW 10,000 | −112.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 67 | 2019 | 138.8KRW 10,000 | 42.9KRW 10,000 | −95.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 68 | 2019 | 133.3KRW 10,000 | 33.9KRW 10,000 | −99.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 69 | 2019 | 123.3KRW 10,000 | 34.6KRW 10,000 | −88.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 70 | 2019 | 123.2KRW 10,000 | 34.7KRW 10,000 | −88.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 71 | 2019 | 111.6KRW 10,000 | 45.7KRW 10,000 | −65.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 72 | 2019 | 103.1KRW 10,000 | 36.2KRW 10,000 | −66.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 73 | 2019 | 92.8KRW 10,000 | 40.6KRW 10,000 | −52.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 74 | 2019 | 84.0KRW 10,000 | 41.9KRW 10,000 | −42.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 75 | 2019 | 74.9KRW 10,000 | 46.4KRW 10,000 | −28.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 76 | 2019 | 70.0KRW 10,000 | 40.1KRW 10,000 | −29.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 77 | 2019 | 65.4KRW 10,000 | 45.8KRW 10,000 | −19.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 78 | 2019 | 64.8KRW 10,000 | 42.6KRW 10,000 | −22.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 79 | 2019 | 58.8KRW 10,000 | 42.1KRW 10,000 | −16.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 80 | 2019 | 60.5KRW 10,000 | 41.2KRW 10,000 | −19.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 81 | 2019 | 55.5KRW 10,000 | 42.3KRW 10,000 | −13.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 82 | 2019 | 58.7KRW 10,000 | 42.1KRW 10,000 | −16.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 83 | 2019 | 48.6KRW 10,000 | 39.0KRW 10,000 | −9.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 84 | 2019 | 45.6KRW 10,000 | 30.6KRW 10,000 | −15.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 85+ | 2019 | 41.0KRW 10,000 | 34.3KRW 10,000 | −6.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 0 | 2024 | — | 3,427.9KRW 10,000 | +3,427.9KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 1 | 2024 | — | 3,198.0KRW 10,000 | +3,198.0KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 2 | 2024 | — | 2,983.3KRW 10,000 | +2,983.3KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 3 | 2024 | — | 2,754.7KRW 10,000 | +2,754.7KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 4 | 2024 | — | 2,520.6KRW 10,000 | +2,520.6KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 5 | 2024 | — | 2,293.8KRW 10,000 | +2,293.8KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 6 | 2024 | — | 2,070.3KRW 10,000 | +2,070.3KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 7 | 2024 | — | 1,843.1KRW 10,000 | +1,843.1KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 8 | 2024 | — | 1,616.4KRW 10,000 | +1,616.4KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 9 | 2024 | — | 1,462.5KRW 10,000 | +1,462.5KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 10 | 2024 | — | 1,288.2KRW 10,000 | +1,288.2KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 11 | 2024 | — | 1,122.6KRW 10,000 | +1,122.6KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 12 | 2024 | — | 959.6KRW 10,000 | +959.6KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 13 | 2024 | — | 769.6KRW 10,000 | +769.6KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 14 | 2024 | — | 579.2KRW 10,000 | +579.2KRW 10,000 | Production not applicable |
| 15 | 2024 | 6.9KRW 10,000 | 388.5KRW 10,000 | +381.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 16 | 2024 | 6.5KRW 10,000 | 244.3KRW 10,000 | +237.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 17 | 2024 | 7.3KRW 10,000 | 150.4KRW 10,000 | +143.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 18 | 2024 | 7.0KRW 10,000 | 72.9KRW 10,000 | +65.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 19 | 2024 | 5.8KRW 10,000 | 16.9KRW 10,000 | +11.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 20 | 2024 | 5.3KRW 10,000 | 15.0KRW 10,000 | +9.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 21 | 2024 | 8.5KRW 10,000 | 17.1KRW 10,000 | +8.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 22 | 2024 | 12.0KRW 10,000 | 19.5KRW 10,000 | +7.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 23 | 2024 | 20.4KRW 10,000 | 20.6KRW 10,000 | +0.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 24 | 2024 | 31.6KRW 10,000 | 21.5KRW 10,000 | −10.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 25 | 2024 | 39.8KRW 10,000 | 22.2KRW 10,000 | −17.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 26 | 2024 | 61.6KRW 10,000 | 23.1KRW 10,000 | −38.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 27 | 2024 | 92.4KRW 10,000 | 22.2KRW 10,000 | −70.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 28 | 2024 | 126.7KRW 10,000 | 22.1KRW 10,000 | −104.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 29 | 2024 | 195.6KRW 10,000 | 23.3KRW 10,000 | −172.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 30 | 2024 | 285.6KRW 10,000 | 23.8KRW 10,000 | −261.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 31 | 2024 | 396.8KRW 10,000 | 22.7KRW 10,000 | −374.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 32 | 2024 | 474.1KRW 10,000 | 21.2KRW 10,000 | −452.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 33 | 2024 | 573.0KRW 10,000 | 22.9KRW 10,000 | −550.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 34 | 2024 | 628.3KRW 10,000 | 24.6KRW 10,000 | −603.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 35 | 2024 | 708.6KRW 10,000 | 22.4KRW 10,000 | −686.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 36 | 2024 | 760.2KRW 10,000 | 24.7KRW 10,000 | −735.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 37 | 2024 | 828.6KRW 10,000 | 23.0KRW 10,000 | −805.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 38 | 2024 | 864.0KRW 10,000 | 22.1KRW 10,000 | −841.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 39 | 2024 | 879.8KRW 10,000 | 22.2KRW 10,000 | −857.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 40 | 2024 | 849.5KRW 10,000 | 22.4KRW 10,000 | −827.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 41 | 2024 | 784.7KRW 10,000 | 22.0KRW 10,000 | −762.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 42 | 2024 | 719.3KRW 10,000 | 23.7KRW 10,000 | −695.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 43 | 2024 | 636.4KRW 10,000 | 27.6KRW 10,000 | −608.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 44 | 2024 | 542.2KRW 10,000 | 27.5KRW 10,000 | −514.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 45 | 2024 | 466.7KRW 10,000 | 28.5KRW 10,000 | −438.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 46 | 2024 | 388.0KRW 10,000 | 30.2KRW 10,000 | −357.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 47 | 2024 | 307.2KRW 10,000 | 27.3KRW 10,000 | −279.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 48 | 2024 | 243.4KRW 10,000 | 33.4KRW 10,000 | −210.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 49 | 2024 | 206.5KRW 10,000 | 33.6KRW 10,000 | −173.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 50 | 2024 | 167.7KRW 10,000 | 29.2KRW 10,000 | −138.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 51 | 2024 | 142.7KRW 10,000 | 34.4KRW 10,000 | −108.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 52 | 2024 | 120.9KRW 10,000 | 32.5KRW 10,000 | −88.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 53 | 2024 | 112.3KRW 10,000 | 36.1KRW 10,000 | −76.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 54 | 2024 | 103.0KRW 10,000 | 31.2KRW 10,000 | −71.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 55 | 2024 | 99.0KRW 10,000 | 37.4KRW 10,000 | −61.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 56 | 2024 | 91.4KRW 10,000 | 37.5KRW 10,000 | −53.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 57 | 2024 | 99.4KRW 10,000 | 35.6KRW 10,000 | −63.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 58 | 2024 | 101.9KRW 10,000 | 35.3KRW 10,000 | −66.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 59 | 2024 | 105.9KRW 10,000 | 38.5KRW 10,000 | −67.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 60 | 2024 | 112.1KRW 10,000 | 45.1KRW 10,000 | −67.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 61 | 2024 | 118.2KRW 10,000 | 50.5KRW 10,000 | −67.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 62 | 2024 | 130.0KRW 10,000 | 45.2KRW 10,000 | −84.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 63 | 2024 | 134.3KRW 10,000 | 36.3KRW 10,000 | −98.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 64 | 2024 | 136.8KRW 10,000 | 46.1KRW 10,000 | −90.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 65 | 2024 | 150.0KRW 10,000 | 45.4KRW 10,000 | −104.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 66 | 2024 | 145.7KRW 10,000 | 44.5KRW 10,000 | −101.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 67 | 2024 | 148.2KRW 10,000 | 47.2KRW 10,000 | −101.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 68 | 2024 | 143.8KRW 10,000 | 52.6KRW 10,000 | −91.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 69 | 2024 | 136.3KRW 10,000 | 55.1KRW 10,000 | −81.2KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 70 | 2024 | 128.7KRW 10,000 | 56.2KRW 10,000 | −72.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 71 | 2024 | 128.3KRW 10,000 | 51.3KRW 10,000 | −77.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 72 | 2024 | 112.7KRW 10,000 | 52.9KRW 10,000 | −59.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 73 | 2024 | 102.1KRW 10,000 | 54.0KRW 10,000 | −48.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 74 | 2024 | 96.0KRW 10,000 | 51.8KRW 10,000 | −44.3KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 75 | 2024 | 87.6KRW 10,000 | 51.9KRW 10,000 | −35.7KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 76 | 2024 | 69.1KRW 10,000 | 47.1KRW 10,000 | −22.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 77 | 2024 | 68.9KRW 10,000 | 52.5KRW 10,000 | −16.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 78 | 2024 | 62.6KRW 10,000 | 48.7KRW 10,000 | −13.9KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 79 | 2024 | 60.3KRW 10,000 | 56.3KRW 10,000 | −4.1KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 80 | 2024 | 58.1KRW 10,000 | 57.1KRW 10,000 | −1.0KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 81 | 2024 | 52.3KRW 10,000 | 56.8KRW 10,000 | +4.6KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 82 | 2024 | 45.1KRW 10,000 | 56.5KRW 10,000 | +11.4KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 83 | 2024 | 39.8KRW 10,000 | 50.6KRW 10,000 | +10.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 84 | 2024 | 35.1KRW 10,000 | 50.9KRW 10,000 | +15.8KRW 10,000 | Published |
| 85+ | 2024 | 29.3KRW 10,000 | 53.8KRW 10,000 | +24.5KRW 10,000 | Published |
Comparison by sex
Who carries the time surplus for longer?
Split the 2024 consumption-minus-production balance into all people, men, and women to compare time balances and net-supply intervals across ages.
Net-supply intervals differ by sex
Compare net-supply intervals by sex in 2019 and 2024. For family care, the ages need not form one continuous interval.
Men
2019 Net supply from ages 33–40
2024 Net supply from ages 32–43
Women
2019 Net supply from ages 24–84
2024 Net supply from ages 26–83
Men
2019 Net supply at age 20 · Net supply from age 25 onward
2024 Net supply from ages 27–80 · Net supply from ages 83–84
Women
2019 Net supply from age 19 onward
2024 Net supply from ages 23–79
View consumption-minus-production balances by sex as a table
| Age | Men | Women | All |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | +3,687.2KRW 10,000 | +3,713.8KRW 10,000 | +3,700.2KRW 10,000 |
| 1 | +3,474.0KRW 10,000 | +3,499.7KRW 10,000 | +3,486.5KRW 10,000 |
| 2 | +3,277.0KRW 10,000 | +3,302.8KRW 10,000 | +3,289.6KRW 10,000 |
| 3 | +3,065.7KRW 10,000 | +3,090.8KRW 10,000 | +3,077.9KRW 10,000 |
| 4 | +2,849.5KRW 10,000 | +2,870.9KRW 10,000 | +2,859.9KRW 10,000 |
| 5 | +2,637.9KRW 10,000 | +2,663.3KRW 10,000 | +2,650.2KRW 10,000 |
| 6 | +2,431.9KRW 10,000 | +2,458.0KRW 10,000 | +2,444.6KRW 10,000 |
| 7 | +2,225.2KRW 10,000 | +2,253.0KRW 10,000 | +2,238.7KRW 10,000 |
| 8 | +2,058.0KRW 10,000 | +1,990.1KRW 10,000 | +2,024.9KRW 10,000 |
| 9 | +1,909.1KRW 10,000 | +1,868.0KRW 10,000 | +1,889.1KRW 10,000 |
| 10 | +1,731.5KRW 10,000 | +1,729.1KRW 10,000 | +1,730.3KRW 10,000 |
| 11 | +1,562.3KRW 10,000 | +1,594.3KRW 10,000 | +1,577.9KRW 10,000 |
| 12 | +1,394.0KRW 10,000 | +1,459.1KRW 10,000 | +1,425.6KRW 10,000 |
| 13 | +1,219.1KRW 10,000 | +1,270.5KRW 10,000 | +1,244.1KRW 10,000 |
| 14 | +1,044.6KRW 10,000 | +1,080.0KRW 10,000 | +1,061.8KRW 10,000 |
| 15 | +721.4KRW 10,000 | +599.3KRW 10,000 | +662.2KRW 10,000 |
| 16 | +559.3KRW 10,000 | +417.3KRW 10,000 | +490.4KRW 10,000 |
| 17 | +437.8KRW 10,000 | +289.7KRW 10,000 | +366.0KRW 10,000 |
| 18 | +304.5KRW 10,000 | +251.5KRW 10,000 | +278.9KRW 10,000 |
| 19 | +157.5KRW 10,000 | +139.7KRW 10,000 | +148.9KRW 10,000 |
| 20 | +106.0KRW 10,000 | +186.8KRW 10,000 | +144.8KRW 10,000 |
| 21 | +140.1KRW 10,000 | +169.1KRW 10,000 | +153.9KRW 10,000 |
| 22 | +175.3KRW 10,000 | +145.7KRW 10,000 | +161.3KRW 10,000 |
| 23 | +182.1KRW 10,000 | +98.7KRW 10,000 | +142.3KRW 10,000 |
| 24 | +175.7KRW 10,000 | +56.4KRW 10,000 | +119.0KRW 10,000 |
| 25 | +172.8KRW 10,000 | +14.0KRW 10,000 | +97.9KRW 10,000 |
| 26 | +178.6KRW 10,000 | −67.3KRW 10,000 | +62.1KRW 10,000 |
| 27 | +164.8KRW 10,000 | −149.0KRW 10,000 | +16.7KRW 10,000 |
| 28 | +151.7KRW 10,000 | −255.7KRW 10,000 | −37.9KRW 10,000 |
| 29 | +142.3KRW 10,000 | −416.8KRW 10,000 | −115.0KRW 10,000 |
| 30 | +109.2KRW 10,000 | −641.5KRW 10,000 | −236.8KRW 10,000 |
| 31 | +48.0KRW 10,000 | −850.8KRW 10,000 | −366.8KRW 10,000 |
| 32 | −9.7KRW 10,000 | −1,005.6KRW 10,000 | −473.9KRW 10,000 |
| 33 | −86.4KRW 10,000 | −1,207.0KRW 10,000 | −610.1KRW 10,000 |
| 34 | −151.8KRW 10,000 | −1,319.5KRW 10,000 | −693.8KRW 10,000 |
| 35 | −214.4KRW 10,000 | −1,474.1KRW 10,000 | −804.8KRW 10,000 |
| 36 | −213.9KRW 10,000 | −1,594.3KRW 10,000 | −868.4KRW 10,000 |
| 37 | −236.2KRW 10,000 | −1,736.5KRW 10,000 | −952.1KRW 10,000 |
| 38 | −249.9KRW 10,000 | −1,844.5KRW 10,000 | −1,009.1KRW 10,000 |
| 39 | −223.8KRW 10,000 | −1,919.4KRW 10,000 | −1,035.2KRW 10,000 |
| 40 | −199.7KRW 10,000 | −1,910.1KRW 10,000 | −1,024.1KRW 10,000 |
| 41 | −139.2KRW 10,000 | −1,817.8KRW 10,000 | −953.9KRW 10,000 |
| 42 | −101.7KRW 10,000 | −1,744.9KRW 10,000 | −900.7KRW 10,000 |
| 43 | −36.4KRW 10,000 | −1,650.7KRW 10,000 | −820.3KRW 10,000 |
| 44 | +27.7KRW 10,000 | −1,537.3KRW 10,000 | −736.9KRW 10,000 |
| 45 | +79.9KRW 10,000 | −1,419.2KRW 10,000 | −655.2KRW 10,000 |
| 46 | +133.0KRW 10,000 | −1,285.4KRW 10,000 | −563.4KRW 10,000 |
| 47 | +168.9KRW 10,000 | −1,146.0KRW 10,000 | −472.8KRW 10,000 |
| 48 | +224.3KRW 10,000 | −1,051.9KRW 10,000 | −405.2KRW 10,000 |
| 49 | +267.3KRW 10,000 | −992.4KRW 10,000 | −354.1KRW 10,000 |
| 50 | +295.8KRW 10,000 | −905.2KRW 10,000 | −298.6KRW 10,000 |
| 51 | +336.9KRW 10,000 | −840.4KRW 10,000 | −246.9KRW 10,000 |
| 52 | +365.6KRW 10,000 | −785.5KRW 10,000 | −200.3KRW 10,000 |
| 53 | +378.9KRW 10,000 | −739.5KRW 10,000 | −174.5KRW 10,000 |
| 54 | +382.7KRW 10,000 | −685.5KRW 10,000 | −148.6KRW 10,000 |
| 55 | +399.2KRW 10,000 | −669.5KRW 10,000 | −137.1KRW 10,000 |
| 56 | +416.6KRW 10,000 | −647.5KRW 10,000 | −121.2KRW 10,000 |
| 57 | +401.1KRW 10,000 | −630.6KRW 10,000 | −114.5KRW 10,000 |
| 58 | +413.7KRW 10,000 | −638.7KRW 10,000 | −109.2KRW 10,000 |
| 59 | +486.7KRW 10,000 | −621.8KRW 10,000 | −70.2KRW 10,000 |
| 60 | +470.2KRW 10,000 | −620.7KRW 10,000 | −75.3KRW 10,000 |
| 61 | +470.9KRW 10,000 | −640.9KRW 10,000 | −80.9KRW 10,000 |
| 62 | +438.2KRW 10,000 | −669.3KRW 10,000 | −119.6KRW 10,000 |
| 63 | +394.0KRW 10,000 | −690.7KRW 10,000 | −160.4KRW 10,000 |
| 64 | +395.4KRW 10,000 | −682.6KRW 10,000 | −159.6KRW 10,000 |
| 65 | +387.5KRW 10,000 | −706.2KRW 10,000 | −172.2KRW 10,000 |
| 66 | +382.7KRW 10,000 | −679.5KRW 10,000 | −158.3KRW 10,000 |
| 67 | +392.9KRW 10,000 | −660.6KRW 10,000 | −149.4KRW 10,000 |
| 68 | +420.8KRW 10,000 | −645.0KRW 10,000 | −132.4KRW 10,000 |
| 69 | +418.1KRW 10,000 | −605.9KRW 10,000 | −117.8KRW 10,000 |
| 70 | +398.7KRW 10,000 | −579.6KRW 10,000 | −115.8KRW 10,000 |
| 71 | +395.7KRW 10,000 | −564.9KRW 10,000 | −112.2KRW 10,000 |
| 72 | +393.5KRW 10,000 | −520.2KRW 10,000 | −91.3KRW 10,000 |
| 73 | +370.3KRW 10,000 | −477.6KRW 10,000 | −84.6KRW 10,000 |
| 74 | +349.6KRW 10,000 | −449.1KRW 10,000 | −80.9KRW 10,000 |
| 75 | +310.8KRW 10,000 | −489.9KRW 10,000 | −124.1KRW 10,000 |
| 76 | +273.0KRW 10,000 | −439.8KRW 10,000 | −116.5KRW 10,000 |
| 77 | +276.1KRW 10,000 | −436.0KRW 10,000 | −119.2KRW 10,000 |
| 78 | +223.6KRW 10,000 | −406.7KRW 10,000 | −127.8KRW 10,000 |
| 79 | +200.0KRW 10,000 | −357.9KRW 10,000 | −120.4KRW 10,000 |
| 80 | +201.6KRW 10,000 | −254.4KRW 10,000 | −68.2KRW 10,000 |
| 81 | +187.4KRW 10,000 | −175.8KRW 10,000 | −28.3KRW 10,000 |
| 82 | +169.1KRW 10,000 | −94.1KRW 10,000 | +9.7KRW 10,000 |
| 83 | +135.7KRW 10,000 | −17.2KRW 10,000 | +40.7KRW 10,000 |
| 84 | +117.8KRW 10,000 | +57.0KRW 10,000 | +79.1KRW 10,000 |
| 85+ | +108.5KRW 10,000 | +117.0KRW 10,000 | +114.5KRW 10,000 |
| Age | Men | Women | All |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | +3,403.6KRW 10,000 | +3,453.4KRW 10,000 | +3,427.9KRW 10,000 |
| 1 | +3,176.4KRW 10,000 | +3,220.7KRW 10,000 | +3,198.0KRW 10,000 |
| 2 | +2,963.6KRW 10,000 | +3,003.8KRW 10,000 | +2,983.3KRW 10,000 |
| 3 | +2,737.6KRW 10,000 | +2,772.6KRW 10,000 | +2,754.7KRW 10,000 |
| 4 | +2,507.4KRW 10,000 | +2,534.4KRW 10,000 | +2,520.6KRW 10,000 |
| 5 | +2,281.2KRW 10,000 | +2,307.1KRW 10,000 | +2,293.8KRW 10,000 |
| 6 | +2,059.7KRW 10,000 | +2,081.6KRW 10,000 | +2,070.3KRW 10,000 |
| 7 | +1,832.7KRW 10,000 | +1,854.2KRW 10,000 | +1,843.1KRW 10,000 |
| 8 | +1,649.7KRW 10,000 | +1,581.6KRW 10,000 | +1,616.4KRW 10,000 |
| 9 | +1,484.8KRW 10,000 | +1,439.0KRW 10,000 | +1,462.5KRW 10,000 |
| 10 | +1,296.9KRW 10,000 | +1,279.0KRW 10,000 | +1,288.2KRW 10,000 |
| 11 | +1,119.8KRW 10,000 | +1,125.5KRW 10,000 | +1,122.6KRW 10,000 |
| 12 | +946.4KRW 10,000 | +973.7KRW 10,000 | +959.6KRW 10,000 |
| 13 | +764.7KRW 10,000 | +774.9KRW 10,000 | +769.6KRW 10,000 |
| 14 | +583.2KRW 10,000 | +574.9KRW 10,000 | +579.2KRW 10,000 |
| 15 | +393.9KRW 10,000 | +368.6KRW 10,000 | +381.6KRW 10,000 |
| 16 | +254.2KRW 10,000 | +220.4KRW 10,000 | +237.8KRW 10,000 |
| 17 | +157.7KRW 10,000 | +127.4KRW 10,000 | +143.0KRW 10,000 |
| 18 | +71.1KRW 10,000 | +60.4KRW 10,000 | +65.9KRW 10,000 |
| 19 | +7.9KRW 10,000 | +14.5KRW 10,000 | +11.1KRW 10,000 |
| 20 | +5.2KRW 10,000 | +14.5KRW 10,000 | +9.7KRW 10,000 |
| 21 | +6.3KRW 10,000 | +11.2KRW 10,000 | +8.7KRW 10,000 |
| 22 | +9.8KRW 10,000 | +4.8KRW 10,000 | +7.4KRW 10,000 |
| 23 | +10.2KRW 10,000 | −10.8KRW 10,000 | +0.2KRW 10,000 |
| 24 | +9.7KRW 10,000 | −31.9KRW 10,000 | −10.0KRW 10,000 |
| 25 | +3.1KRW 10,000 | −40.8KRW 10,000 | −17.6KRW 10,000 |
| 26 | +0.1KRW 10,000 | −81.4KRW 10,000 | −38.5KRW 10,000 |
| 27 | −15.9KRW 10,000 | −130.9KRW 10,000 | −70.1KRW 10,000 |
| 28 | −23.7KRW 10,000 | −197.5KRW 10,000 | −104.6KRW 10,000 |
| 29 | −38.7KRW 10,000 | −329.0KRW 10,000 | −172.3KRW 10,000 |
| 30 | −63.1KRW 10,000 | −494.3KRW 10,000 | −261.8KRW 10,000 |
| 31 | −127.3KRW 10,000 | −662.2KRW 10,000 | −374.2KRW 10,000 |
| 32 | −181.4KRW 10,000 | −764.0KRW 10,000 | −452.9KRW 10,000 |
| 33 | −251.3KRW 10,000 | −890.4KRW 10,000 | −550.0KRW 10,000 |
| 34 | −319.1KRW 10,000 | −932.2KRW 10,000 | −603.6KRW 10,000 |
| 35 | −386.6KRW 10,000 | −1,025.7KRW 10,000 | −686.1KRW 10,000 |
| 36 | −397.5KRW 10,000 | −1,110.4KRW 10,000 | −735.5KRW 10,000 |
| 37 | −427.3KRW 10,000 | −1,220.1KRW 10,000 | −805.5KRW 10,000 |
| 38 | −448.7KRW 10,000 | −1,274.6KRW 10,000 | −841.9KRW 10,000 |
| 39 | −444.8KRW 10,000 | −1,307.6KRW 10,000 | −857.6KRW 10,000 |
| 40 | −433.3KRW 10,000 | −1,250.3KRW 10,000 | −827.1KRW 10,000 |
| 41 | −418.4KRW 10,000 | −1,127.8KRW 10,000 | −762.7KRW 10,000 |
| 42 | −386.9KRW 10,000 | −1,021.7KRW 10,000 | −695.5KRW 10,000 |
| 43 | −338.2KRW 10,000 | −895.6KRW 10,000 | −608.8KRW 10,000 |
| 44 | −292.1KRW 10,000 | −747.6KRW 10,000 | −514.7KRW 10,000 |
| 45 | −249.3KRW 10,000 | −634.6KRW 10,000 | −438.2KRW 10,000 |
| 46 | −206.0KRW 10,000 | −515.3KRW 10,000 | −357.9KRW 10,000 |
| 47 | −179.4KRW 10,000 | −385.3KRW 10,000 | −279.9KRW 10,000 |
| 48 | −137.2KRW 10,000 | −284.8KRW 10,000 | −210.0KRW 10,000 |
| 49 | −118.5KRW 10,000 | −228.9KRW 10,000 | −173.0KRW 10,000 |
| 50 | −106.7KRW 10,000 | −171.1KRW 10,000 | −138.6KRW 10,000 |
| 51 | −88.5KRW 10,000 | −128.4KRW 10,000 | −108.3KRW 10,000 |
| 52 | −74.8KRW 10,000 | −102.5KRW 10,000 | −88.4KRW 10,000 |
| 53 | −67.6KRW 10,000 | −84.9KRW 10,000 | −76.2KRW 10,000 |
| 54 | −66.2KRW 10,000 | −77.4KRW 10,000 | −71.7KRW 10,000 |
| 55 | −50.9KRW 10,000 | −72.4KRW 10,000 | −61.7KRW 10,000 |
| 56 | −39.6KRW 10,000 | −67.8KRW 10,000 | −53.9KRW 10,000 |
| 57 | −49.4KRW 10,000 | −78.2KRW 10,000 | −63.8KRW 10,000 |
| 58 | −39.8KRW 10,000 | −93.7KRW 10,000 | −66.6KRW 10,000 |
| 59 | −35.2KRW 10,000 | −99.2KRW 10,000 | −67.4KRW 10,000 |
| 60 | −23.0KRW 10,000 | −111.0KRW 10,000 | −67.0KRW 10,000 |
| 61 | −15.7KRW 10,000 | −120.4KRW 10,000 | −67.7KRW 10,000 |
| 62 | −31.4KRW 10,000 | −137.4KRW 10,000 | −84.8KRW 10,000 |
| 63 | −53.9KRW 10,000 | −140.1KRW 10,000 | −98.0KRW 10,000 |
| 64 | −40.1KRW 10,000 | −138.4KRW 10,000 | −90.7KRW 10,000 |
| 65 | −54.5KRW 10,000 | −152.4KRW 10,000 | −104.6KRW 10,000 |
| 66 | −57.2KRW 10,000 | −143.8KRW 10,000 | −101.3KRW 10,000 |
| 67 | −59.7KRW 10,000 | −139.9KRW 10,000 | −101.0KRW 10,000 |
| 68 | −40.2KRW 10,000 | −138.4KRW 10,000 | −91.2KRW 10,000 |
| 69 | −39.5KRW 10,000 | −119.2KRW 10,000 | −81.2KRW 10,000 |
| 70 | −34.3KRW 10,000 | −106.9KRW 10,000 | −72.5KRW 10,000 |
| 71 | −44.4KRW 10,000 | −106.1KRW 10,000 | −77.0KRW 10,000 |
| 72 | −33.1KRW 10,000 | −83.3KRW 10,000 | −59.8KRW 10,000 |
| 73 | −29.2KRW 10,000 | −64.4KRW 10,000 | −48.1KRW 10,000 |
| 74 | −31.1KRW 10,000 | −55.5KRW 10,000 | −44.3KRW 10,000 |
| 75 | −28.4KRW 10,000 | −41.8KRW 10,000 | −35.7KRW 10,000 |
| 76 | −22.0KRW 10,000 | −22.1KRW 10,000 | −22.0KRW 10,000 |
| 77 | −9.0KRW 10,000 | −22.3KRW 10,000 | −16.4KRW 10,000 |
| 78 | −20.0KRW 10,000 | −9.0KRW 10,000 | −13.9KRW 10,000 |
| 79 | −7.2KRW 10,000 | −1.7KRW 10,000 | −4.1KRW 10,000 |
| 80 | −5.0KRW 10,000 | +1.8KRW 10,000 | −1.0KRW 10,000 |
| 81 | +0.6KRW 10,000 | +7.3KRW 10,000 | +4.6KRW 10,000 |
| 82 | +2.0KRW 10,000 | +17.6KRW 10,000 | +11.4KRW 10,000 |
| 83 | −12.0KRW 10,000 | +24.7KRW 10,000 | +10.8KRW 10,000 |
| 84 | −10.5KRW 10,000 | +30.8KRW 10,000 | +15.8KRW 10,000 |
| 85+ | +2.7KRW 10,000 | +33.6KRW 10,000 | +24.5KRW 10,000 |
Private transfers between generations
The value of time moves through a common pool
Connect gross within-household and between-household outflow and inflow margins by age group in 2024 to see which generations supply and consume.
These links are not observed records of who directly cared for whom. They form an accounting model that routes gross within-household and between-household outflow and inflow margins by age group through a common pool.
2019 supply and consumption by age group
2024 supply and consumption by age group
View intergenerational transfers as a table
| Supplying age group or pool | Consuming age group or pool | Imputed value |
|---|---|---|
| Ages 15–64 | Household and interhousehold transfer pool | 396.5trillion KRW |
| Ages 65+ | Household and interhousehold transfer pool | 89.0trillion KRW |
| Household and interhousehold transfer pool | Ages 0–14 | 124.2trillion KRW |
| Household and interhousehold transfer pool | Ages 15–64 | 281.6trillion KRW |
| Household and interhousehold transfer pool | Ages 65+ | 79.8trillion KRW |
| Supplying age group or pool | Consuming age group or pool | Imputed value |
|---|---|---|
| Ages 15–64 | Household and interhousehold transfer pool | 444.4trillion KRW |
| Ages 65+ | Household and interhousehold transfer pool | 138.0trillion KRW |
| Household and interhousehold transfer pool | Ages 0–14 | 116.6trillion KRW |
| Household and interhousehold transfer pool | Ages 15–64 | 336.1trillion KRW |
| Household and interhousehold transfer pool | Ages 65+ | 129.7trillion KRW |
Sources & Methods
How to read time valued in money
Age balances reveal how time moves, but they do not represent pay actually received or a directly observed transaction.
Imputed value is not an actual wage
The specialist-replacement-cost method applies market wages for comparable occupations to estimate a nominal imputed value for unpaid household work. No actual wage was paid, and the amount is not a cash transfer.
A higher value does not mean more time
Daily unpaid household-work time fell from 137 minutes in 2019 to 132 minutes in 2024, while the hourly value used in the estimate rose from KRW 13,737 to KRW 16,698. A rise in imputed value therefore does not imply a rise in time spent.
The sign is consumption minus production
The lifecycle deficit equals consumption minus production. Positive values identify net consumers; negative values identify net suppliers, so time surpluses appear below zero.
Ages 85+ form an open-ended group
Everyone aged 85 or older is combined into one open-ended group. The 2019 and 2024 lines are cross-sectional age profiles of different populations, not a longitudinal life history of the same people.
The Sankey has no direct age-pair matrix
The KOSIS tables contain no direct provider-age-to-recipient-age age-pair matrix. The Sankey is an accounting model that connects gross within-household and between-household outflow and inflow margins by age group through a common pool.
Source data
KOSIS National Time Transfer Accounts, per-capita scale
DT_1NTTA1003 · Production, consumption, and private transfers by sex and single year of age, converted to units of KRW 10,000 on this page
Open official source · DT_1NTTA1003KOSIS National Time Transfer Accounts, national-total scale
DT_1NTTA1002 · Gross within-household and between-household outflows and inflows by age group, converted to trillion KRW on this page
Open official source · DT_1NTTA1002National Time Transfer Accounts metadata
Official approved-statistics definitions, survey purpose, and compilation framework
Open official source2024 National Time Transfer Accounts release
Official release explaining age profiles, lifecycle balances, and private-transfer totals
Open official source2024 Household Production Satellite Account
Official report supporting the shift from 137 to 132 daily minutes and from KRW 13,737 to KRW 16,698 per hour
Open official source